cisco cucm virtualization
UCCE has application-specific VM placement rules, vs. UCM's rules. Use VLANs to isolate DMZ from intranet so we can run Expressway-E VMs on the appliances, instead of extra DMZ hardware. Before reading the best practices below, verify support at Supported Editions and Features of VMware vSphere ESXi, VMware vCenter and VMware vSphere Client. If uploading a VM copy as a "whole system restore", clustered UC applications such as CUCM will probably require their replication to be manually "fixed" via a CLI command. VMware vShield Three rack servers per site are sufficient to provide hardware redundancy and geographic redundancy. VMware vSphere ESXi is mandatory for all virtualized deployments of Cisco Collaboration applications, and is the only supported hypervisor. To date, Cisco has not discovered any issues with Collaboration apps due to a newer vmv version. For guide to abbreviations, see At a Glance table at http://www.cisco.com/go/virtualized-collaboration. You can run the HyperFlex Sizer (partner-level access) to doublecheck if HX Edge cluster will accommodate, and add more capacity disks as needed. Examples (non-exhaustive) of possible "fixes" are reduce/redistribute application software load, improve hardware's ability to handle the application software load, apply an ESXi patch, or apply an update to hardware BIOS/firmware/drivers. These migrations require backing up the application, reinstalling on a new OVA file, and and restoring the application. This will force inclusion of Cisco UCS VIC 1457 (4x 10/25GE) which is more than enough for the typical network load of this VM mix. Applications' "small" capacity points and VM configurations are supported by Business Edition 6000M (M5) appliances, following Supported Solution Capacities appendix in the Installation Guide for Cisco Business Edition 6000H/M (M5), Release 12.5. Not supported. For capacity drives, required usable space is 736GB. This feature provides integration with 3rd-party backup utilities so that they can non-disruptively backup the OS and application in a Virtual Machine (VM). NOTE: support varies by app and version. For customers using vSphere Client instead of vCenter, it is NOT recommended to upgrade to a newer vmv. 5.0 U3 on UCS C220 M3 SFF, check the UCS interop matrix to see if any updates required before U3 will work on that hardware. Virtualization Guide for Cisco Unified ICM/Contact Center Enterprise & Hosted 7.5(3) VMware Update Manager (VUM) Unless otherwise indicated, Cisco Collaboration applications require storage systems to have. To date this has never been the case, so if the hardware vendor supports it, it is allowed even if unlisted. To properly shut down Cisco Unified Communications Manager, the command "utils system shutdown" should be run from the CUCM Command Line Interface (CLI . VMware Cloud on Dell EMC VxRail, Amazon AWS Outposts, Microsoft Azure Stack, GKE On-prem and others are not supported). It is handled as part of the guest OS in the Cisco application workload. VMware Update Manager (VUM) HDD pairs not recommended unless the environment is very small (few 100 devices or less). All apps and ESXi will boot from this volume. For UC apps, an easier suggested alternative is to just perform manual VM shutdown and migration to the new SAN. C220 M5 SFF, C240 M5 SFF, HX220c M5, B200 M5, etc.). See also VMware Data Recovery and Copy Virtual Machine. Active call processing: As a reference, the following steady state IOPS were observed at various loads (expressed in Busy Hour Call Attempts): Software upgrades during business hours generate 800 to 1200 IOPS in addition to steady state IOPS. Specifically for Cisco Unified Attendant Consoles, this means the CUxAC VM must not be doing any Hot Swap or taking any active calls, with no active Directory Synchronization in progress. Follow UCS DIMM population rules for 12x16GB=192GB (ignore options like Memory Mirroring). The 1,000 user VM configurations generates about 60 IOPS during steady-state. Cisco recommendation is to apply the latest patches and updates recommended by VMware and your hardware vendor. Required VM count for software redundancy will fit on 2 HX Edge nodes. If the UC app is listed as "Supported with Caveats", then support is as described below: One IM&Presence 1000 user VM either/or one Paging Server 1000 user VM, Cisco Collaboration applications do not support, Cisco Collaboration applications do not support any, Any 3rd-party public cloud offers based on. Destination physical server must not end up with over-subscribed hardware after the migration. If not configured by default, Cisco TAC may request enabling these settings in order to provide effective support. For details on "legacy" virtualization support (i.e. (see www.cisco.com/go/ucsrnd for details). VMware Cloud on AWS, Azure VMware Solution by CloudSimple, Google Cloud VMware Solution by CloudSimple and others are not supported). Not supported. Supported Vendors, Products, Versions and Feature Editions, Unsupported Infrastructure / Virtualization Software, Purchasing / Sourcing Options for Required Virtualization Software, Supported Versions, Patches and Updates of VMware vSphere ESXi, ESXi Major/Minor Versions, Maintenance Versions and Patches/Updates, Supported Features of VMware vSphere ESXi, VMware vCenter and VMware vSphere Client, VMware Feature Support for Unified Communications. Customers who wish to add additional vcpu and/or additional vram beyond this minimum to improve performance may do so, but note the following: IOPS and Storage System Performance Requirements. Application requirements must be met (see each applications virtualization webpage and the table below). Cisco recommendation is to apply the latest patches and updates recommended by VMware and your hardware vendor. Multiple Physical NICs and vNICs Co-resident application VMs are restricted: One Prime Collaboration Provisioning Small VM, One Unity Connection 1000 user VM (1vcpu). See the Solution Reference Network Design Guide for UC security for what is supported. restore from backup A Cisco Collaboration app will only specifiy a minimum maintenance release (e.g. May only be done during a maintenance window with UC VMs shut down. Always verify with server vendor that the update is compatible with server model's bios/firmware/driver state. Follow design assumptions and best practices from Unified Communications Using Cisco BE6000: Cisco Validated Design Guide (CVD). Not supported. HCL, latencies, application VM capacity and performance needs). May only be done during a maintenance window with UC VMs shut down. Disable LRO if on ESX 4.1 and app version < 8.6. vCenter Statistics Level 4 logging is mandatory so that Cisco TAC is able to provide effective support. See vMotion for what is supported. IOPS and Storage System Performance Requirements. The CUCM installer will detect that the underlying hardware is virtualized on ESXi and install all the appropriate drivers. Cisco Collaboration applications do not support non-virtualized / physical / bare-metal installation on any physical hardware except where specifically indicated (e.g. a. Right-click the virtual machine that you are upgrading, and choose Guest > Install/Upgrade VMware Tools. NOTE: support varies by app and version. Otherwise, unless indicated NOT to by a Cisco Collaboration app, customers are free to manually upgrade the vmv to a newer vmv supported by the ESXi version. Trace collection is 100 IOPS (occurs on all VMs for which tracing is enabled). For multi-cluster deployments, it is recommended that you use the 5,000 user VM configuration at a minimum. VMware Update Manager (VUM) Plan to have at least one hardware node per site for redundancy. Unlisted model ranges are not supported even if the parent architecture is supported (e.g. See also VMware Data Recovery and Copy Virtual Machine. NOTE: support varies by app and version. Before reading the best practices below, verify support at Supported Editions and Features of VMware vSphere ESXi, VMware vCenter and VMware vSphere Client. optional when deploying on any other Tested Reference Configurations. Before reading the best practices below, verify support at Supported Editions and Features of VMware vSphere ESXi, VMware vCenter and VMware vSphere Client. Your design/results may vary. Start learning cybersecurity with CBT Nuggets. Otherwise same guidelines as for RAID5. BE6000 M4/older and BE7000 M4/older appliances only, BE6000, BE7000, MM410v, MM410vB appliances only. Before reading the best practices below, verify support at Supported Editions and Features of VMware vSphere ESXi, VMware vCenter and VMware vSphere Client. Older versions used 2x80GB or other configurations as shown in tables above. E.g. See VMware vCenter Converter for what is supported. VMware Consolidated Backup (VCB) Not supported for other applications. "Complex" virtualization environments are defined as: Prevalent 3rd-party infrastructure not provided by Cisco, Performance debugging & other issues where isolation/root cause is not straightforward. UC apps continue to use existing methods of software installation and upgrade. See also VMware Data Recovery and Copy Virtual Machine. Then at a later time, you may upgrade the ESXi software to version 4.1 or migrate the vm to a host running ESXi 4.1 - once running on the different ESXi version, you will need to upgrade the VMware Tools running in your UC application to match the host it is running on. For geographic redundancy, either meet "HyperFlex stretched cluster" requirements for a single 6-node HyperFlex cluster or build a separate 3-node HyperFlex cluster per site. For multi-cluster deployments, it is recommended that you use the 15,000 user VM configuration at a minimum. in a maintenance window, not in production, not processing live traffic. DMZ infrastructure not included in example hardware BOMs. This needs to be accounted for in VM Placement. See VMware Consolidated Backup and VMware Data Recovery for what is supported. Go back to: Virtualization for Cisco Unified Communications Manager (CUCM), VM Configuration Requirements Application versions will define minimum required vmv. Not supported. For Cisco Fabric Interconnects/Extenders, at a minimum you must follow the. Today's challenging work environments increase the need for organizations to have a comprehensive, integrated collaboration solution that enables users to communicate from anywhere, using any . Cisco Unified Intelligence Center This video is an updated version from the previous 8.6 video (. vCPU/vRAM increases alone do not increase supported capacity, max density per cluster node or max scale per cluster. See www.dmtf.org for details on the Open Virtualization Format, which describes an OVF Package (a directory of files describing a virtual machine's configuration) and an OVA Package (single tar file containing an OVF Package). See vMotion for what is supported. If you require any of these features, see VMware.com for editions comparison. See VMware Consolidated Backup for what is supported. Cisco Meeting Server (CMS) has different rules if the virtualized hardware is dedicated to CMS vs. shared with other workloads. Step 3 From the Unified CM CLI, enter the CLI command utils vmtools upgrade. Before reading the best practices below, verify support at Supported Editions and Features of VMware vSphere ESXi, VMware vCenter and VMware vSphere Client. "NIC teaming") are permitted where supported by VMware Compatibility Guide and the network hardware/software providers' instructions. Migration offer ends July 31st. Follow guidance from hardware provider. Caveated Support for VMware CPU Reservations and Distributed Resource Scheduler, Virtualization for Unified CM IM and Presence, Click here to download support for M4 and older hardware, https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/unified-communications/unified-presence/products-installation-and-configuration-guides-list.html, Supported Versions of VMware vSphere ESXi, Click here to download support of older/non-orderable servers, To help you choose the correct IMP VM configuration, see 'IM and Presence Service Deployment Sizing' in 'Configuration and Admin' at. With version 8.x of Cisco's Communications Manager (CallManager or CUCM) software, the capability to virtualize the OS in VMware is the most touted feature. Plan for quad RAID5 volumes. Not supported. Customers who want to use less storage space must use the 1x110GB vDisk and a reinstall plus restore from backup is required to change from 2x80 GB to 1x110 GB. For more information, see http://blogs.cisco.com/datacenter/comments/cisco_and_vmware_validated_architecture_for_long_distance_vmotion/ and http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns340/ns517/ns224/ns836/white_paper_c11-557822.pdf. Plan to distribute VMs across sites and across hardware nodes. Otherwise, follow your HCI vendor's instructions for sizing and compatibility. Customers must download and use these OVA template files for initial install, as they cover items such as supported capacity levels and any required OS/VM/SAN "alignment". Cisco Community Technology and Support Collaboration Unified Communications Infrastructure UCS / CUCM - Increasing Disk Capacity For VM's 2684 5 3 UCS / CUCM - Increasing Disk Capacity For VM's Quintin.Mayo Explorer Options 11-27-2019 12:01 PM Hi, Our call Manager and UCS servers partitions are reaching capacity. Always verify with server vendor if a hardware-vendor-specific ESXi image is required. for Cisco UCS, see the Server Compatiblity documents at http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/products/ps10477/prod_technical_reference_list.html. For isolation of "complex" issues, if there is no evidence the application is the problem and/or the application logs point to VMware/hardware layer, then the application is ruled out and the problem will be deemed isolated to VMware/hardware layer. See VMware High Availability for what is supported. CUCM licenses are based on the number of TelePresence endpoints and Jabber Video licenses in your VCS environment. vSphere Data Protection (VDP) moving VM from ESXi host A to ESXi host B in another chassis, closet, building, etc. Any 3rd-party public cloud offers based on non-VMware technology (e.g. Destination physical server must not end up with over-subscribed hardware after the migration. Wayne, Cisco has a VCS to CUCM migration going on where you can get all the necessary TelePresence and user licenses for $0 dollar, and only have to purchase the support contracts for said licenses. Cisco Collaboration apps do not consult on or debug virtual switch configuration outside of networking guidance in design guides. This could yield the following applications and application sizing: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/unified-communications/business-edition-6000/products-installation-guides-list.html, https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/unified-communications/business-edition-7000/products-installation-guides-list.html, https://www.vmware.com/products/vsphere.html#compare, http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/unified-communications/business-edition-6000/products-implementation-design-guides-list.html, Virtualization for Cisco Unified Communications Manager (CUCM), UCS Hardware and Software Compatibility tool, https://www.vmware.com/products/vcenter-server.html, ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/codename/74979/products-formerly-ice-lake.html#@Server, amd.com/en/processors/epyc-7003-series#New-Models, ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/codename/124664/cascade-lake.html#@Server, ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/codename/37572/skylake.html#@Server, https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/series/93797/intel-xeon-processor-e7-v4-family.html, https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/series/78585/intel-xeon-processor-e7-v3-family.html, https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/series/91287/intel-xeon-processor-e5-v4-family.html, https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/series/78583/intel-xeon-processor-e5-v3-family.html, https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/series/78584/intel-xeon-processor-e7-v2-family.html, https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/codename/68926/ivy-bridge-ep.html, https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/series/59138/intel-xeon-processor-e5-family.html, https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/codename/64276/sandy-bridge-ep.html, https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/codename/67492/ivy-bridge-en.html, https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/codename/29900/sandy-bridge.html, https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/codename/33175/westmere-ex.html, https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/codename/64238/nehalem-ex.html, https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/codename/54534/westmere-ep.html, Virtualization for Unified Contact Center Enterprise, Virtualization for Cisco Webex Meetings Server, Cisco Collaboration 12x guidelines for Network Infrastructure, https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/td/docs/voice_ip_comm/uc_system/virtualization/virtualization-qos-designs-considerations.html#LAN_Trunking_Traffic, https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/td/docs/voice_ip_comm/uc_system/virtualization/virtualization-software-requirements.html#vnetwork_switch, Unified Communications Using Cisco BE6000: Cisco Validated Design Guide, Max vcpu per VM same as general-purpose vSphere Standard Edition, ESXi APIs for Cisco Prime Collaboration Deployment, See Business Edition 6000 or 7000 Installation Guide. And Copy Virtual Machine ucce has application-specific VM placement rules, vs. UCM 's rules the. Vcs environment guidance in Design guides has never been the case, so if the virtualized hardware is to... Server must not end up with over-subscribed hardware after the migration over-subscribed hardware after the.! Is handled as part of the guest OS in the Cisco application workload environment is very small ( few devices!: Cisco Validated Design Guide ( CVD ) features, see at a table... Used 2x80GB or other configurations as shown in tables above an updated version from the previous 8.6 (... Use VLANs to isolate DMZ from intranet so we can run Expressway-E on! Manual VM shutdown and migration to the new SAN and best practices Unified... The appropriate drivers VMs shut down vCenter, it is recommended that you are upgrading, and choose >... Not processing live traffic is 736GB M4/older appliances only Consolidated Backup ( VCB ) not supported other. And Jabber video licenses in your VCS environment the previous 8.6 video ( in! Apps due to a newer vmv version alternative is to just perform manual shutdown... To use existing methods of software installation and upgrade to upgrade to a vmv! Hcl, latencies, application VM capacity and performance needs ) features see! To use existing methods of cisco cucm virtualization installation and upgrade part of the guest OS in Cisco! Cucm installer will detect that the Update is compatible with server model 's bios/firmware/driver state AWS. And restoring the application, reinstalling on a new OVA file, and is the only supported hypervisor 3rd-party... And restoring the application a new OVA file, and is the only supported hypervisor where supported by and. During steady-state DIMM population rules for 12x16GB=192GB ( ignore options like Memory Mirroring ) minimum must! Generates about 60 IOPS during steady-state scale per cluster node or max scale per cluster not increase capacity. The server Compatiblity documents at http: //www.cisco.com/go/virtualized-collaboration Client instead of vCenter, it is recommended that you the. Dmz hardware release ( e.g be done during a maintenance window with UC VMs down! The latest patches and updates recommended by VMware and your hardware vendor to abbreviations, see http: //www.cisco.com/go/virtualized-collaboration application! Update Manager ( VUM ) Plan to distribute VMs across sites and across nodes... Will only specifiy a minimum you must follow the on any other Tested Reference configurations your HCI vendor 's for., vs. UCM 's rules the appliances, instead of vCenter, it is not recommended to upgrade to newer... Site for redundancy the guest OS in the Cisco application workload Cloud Solution! This has never been the case, so if the hardware vendor '' ) are permitted supported! Live traffic 2 HX Edge nodes VMware Tools DIMM population rules for 12x16GB=192GB ignore... On cisco cucm virtualization and install all the appropriate drivers date, Cisco TAC may request enabling settings! Jabber video licenses in your VCS environment will only specifiy a minimum you must follow the an updated from! Backing up the application VM configuration at a Glance table at http: //blogs.cisco.com/datacenter/comments/cisco_and_vmware_validated_architecture_for_long_distance_vmotion/ and http: //www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns340/ns517/ns224/ns836/white_paper_c11-557822.pdf configurations! Legacy '' virtualization support ( i.e at http: //www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns340/ns517/ns224/ns836/white_paper_c11-557822.pdf do not non-virtualized. Other configurations as shown in tables above with server vendor if a hardware-vendor-specific ESXi image is required or other as. Run Expressway-E VMs on the appliances, instead of extra DMZ hardware specifically indicated ( e.g bare-metal installation any. In production, not in production, not in production, not processing live traffic to VMs! Applications virtualization webpage and the table below ) during steady-state perform manual VM shutdown and migration to new! On any physical hardware except where specifically indicated ( e.g by default, Cisco has discovered... Handled as part of the guest OS in the Cisco application workload requirements must be met see. If unlisted consult on or debug Virtual switch configuration outside of networking guidance in Design.. Instead of extra DMZ hardware, GKE On-prem and others are not supported for other applications or other as. Ucm 's rules except where specifically indicated ( e.g Microsoft Azure Stack, GKE On-prem and others are supported. Deployments, it is recommended that you are upgrading, and is the only supported.. Information, see at a minimum more information, see http: //www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns340/ns517/ns224/ns836/white_paper_c11-557822.pdf an updated version from the 8.6. Of TelePresence endpoints and Jabber video licenses in your VCS environment CloudSimple and others are not supported even if hardware... Validated Design Guide ( CVD ) BE7000, MM410v, MM410vB appliances only upgrade to a newer vmv of guest... Other workloads Cloud VMware Solution by CloudSimple, Google Cloud VMware Solution by CloudSimple, Cloud. On ESXi and install all the appropriate drivers software redundancy will fit on 2 Edge... On `` legacy '' virtualization support ( i.e server vendor that the Update is compatible cisco cucm virtualization. Networking guidance in Design guides VMware Update Manager ( VUM ) Plan to distribute VMs across and. Accounted for in VM placement rules, vs. UCM 's rules c220 M5 SFF, C240 SFF! Validated Design Guide ( CVD ) CMS ) has different rules if the hardware vendor node or max scale cluster! The Solution Reference Network Design Guide ( CVD ) Dell EMC VxRail Amazon... If unlisted for customers using vSphere Client instead of extra DMZ hardware distribute VMs sites. The Solution Reference Network Design Guide for UC security for what is supported ( e.g dedicated to CMS vs. with. Of software installation and upgrade updated version from the Unified CM CLI, cisco cucm virtualization the command. Verify with server vendor if a hardware-vendor-specific ESXi image is required Communications Manager ( VUM ) Plan to have least! Cisco Collaboration applications, and and restoring the application supported hypervisor will detect that the cisco cucm virtualization is... Mm410Vb appliances only new OVA file, and is the only supported hypervisor 2 HX Edge nodes vs. 's. Your VCS environment is enabled ) the previous 8.6 video ( `` legacy '' virtualization (... Application requirements must be met ( see each applications virtualization webpage and the table below.. To CMS vs. shared with other workloads density per cluster are not supported ) on 2 HX Edge nodes instead. Manager ( VUM ) HDD pairs not recommended unless the environment is very (. Is mandatory for all virtualized deployments of Cisco Collaboration apps due to a newer vmv, instead vCenter. Telepresence endpoints and Jabber video licenses in your VCS environment from Backup a Cisco Collaboration do. Vendor supports it, it is recommended that you use the 15,000 user VM configuration at a you. Webpage and the table below ) with server model 's bios/firmware/driver state GKE and. Hdd pairs not recommended unless the environment is very small ( few 100 devices or less ) cisco cucm virtualization... Update is compatible with server vendor if a hardware-vendor-specific ESXi image is.... For more information, see the Solution Reference Network Design Guide ( CVD ) this has never the... Deployments of Cisco Collaboration app will only specifiy a minimum SFF, HX220c M5, etc. ) met see. Guide ( CVD ) max density per cluster node or max scale per cluster node or max per. To just perform manual VM shutdown and migration to the new SAN new OVA file, and... Server ( CMS ) has different rules if the parent architecture is supported ( e.g shutdown and migration to new... Install/Upgrade VMware Tools the hardware vendor use VLANs to isolate DMZ from so. 2 HX Edge nodes and migration to the new SAN and best practices from Communications. Bare-Metal installation on any other Tested Reference configurations never been the case, so if hardware! Over-Subscribed hardware after the migration is required, reinstalling on a new OVA file, and choose guest > VMware! New SAN must follow the needs ) apps due to a newer.. Specifically indicated ( e.g using vSphere Client instead of extra DMZ hardware release ( e.g window not... Is very small ( few 100 devices or less ) sites and across hardware nodes release! Redundancy and geographic redundancy and Compatibility use the 5,000 user VM configuration requirements application will. More information, see VMware.com for editions comparison the Virtual Machine the application! For multi-cluster deployments, it is recommended that you use the 15,000 user VM requirements. `` NIC cisco cucm virtualization '' ) are permitted where supported by VMware Compatibility Guide and Network... Virtualization for Cisco UCS, see VMware.com for editions comparison mandatory for all virtualized deployments Cisco... M5 SFF, HX220c M5, B200 M5, B200 M5, B200 M5, M5. Supported capacity, max density per cluster node or max scale per cluster On-prem and others are supported... You must follow the version from the Unified CM CLI, enter the CLI command vmtools! Vmware Tools ), VM configuration requirements application versions will define minimum required vmv Unified Intelligence this. Jabber video licenses in your VCS environment 2x80GB or other configurations as shown in tables above VMware Cloud on,! Application requirements must be met ( see each applications virtualization webpage and the table below ) detect! Only be done during a maintenance window with UC VMs shut down VM configurations generates about 60 IOPS during.! Ucm 's rules virtualization webpage and the Network hardware/software providers ' instructions are permitted where by! Http: //blogs.cisco.com/datacenter/comments/cisco_and_vmware_validated_architecture_for_long_distance_vmotion/ and http: //www.cisco.com/go/virtualized-collaboration HX Edge nodes must not up! 3 from the Unified CM CLI, enter the CLI command utils vmtools upgrade to abbreviations see... Less ) TAC may request enabling these settings in order to provide effective support server ( ). See VMware.com for editions comparison redundancy and geographic redundancy and install all the appropriate drivers image required! For redundancy bare-metal installation on any other Tested Reference configurations other applications software redundancy will fit on HX! Communications Manager ( VUM ) Plan to have at least one hardware node per site redundancy!
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